The Registered Education Savings Plan (RESP) offers parents a powerful tool to save for their child’s future post-secondary education.
The costs of tertiary education keep increasing in Canada, easily outstripping inflation in recent years and showing no signs of slowing down.
How much will your kid pay on average per year for undergraduate studies in 10 or 20 years?
No one really knows. However, if we go by this prediction, average tuition (plus residence costs) at a Canadian university may cost you 6-figures by 2030.
This article discusses what you need to know about RESPs and how you can invest your RESP funds using online portfolio managers (robo-advisors) in Canada.
RESPs Explained
An RESP is a special savings account you can use to save for your child’s higher education.
Similar to the RRSP and TFSA accounts, an RESP offers tax advantages, making it a great vehicle for amplifying your savings over time.
Income earned (i.e. interest, dividends, and capital gains) on your RESP investments grows tax-free until your child makes withdrawals.
In addition to the tax advantage afforded by this account, the government also chips in up to $500 per year in free money every year up to a maximum of $7,200 per child.
A parent, grandparent, family member, or friend can open an RESP account on behalf of a child.
You can open an individual RESP per child or include all your kids under a family plan. There are also Group RESPs that combine RESP plans for unrelated individuals.
The Benefits of an RESP
1. Free Government Money
Following the introduction of the Canada Education Savings Grant (CESG) in 1998, your child’s RESP receives 20% in annual matching grants from the government on contributions you make to the account up to $2,500.
This free grant money is equivalent to $500 per year and up to a lifetime $7,200 grant per child.
In addition to the CESG, depending on your family income, your child may qualify for the Canada Learning Bond, which is up to $2,000 in extra savings.
Lastly, your province (e.g. British Columbia) may contribute to your RESP if you meet their eligibility requirements.
2. Tax-Sheltered Growth
Investment income generated in an RESP grows tax-free while in the plan. When your child takes out funds to pay for their education, the amount is added to their income for the year and will result in little to zero taxes.
3. Versatility
There are many investment options for an RESP, and you can use a self-directed investment account, robo-advisor, credit union, or go with your traditional bank.
Also, an RESP can stay open for up to 36 years, so if your child wants to delay their tertiary education until later, the plan can still be handy.
4. Minimize Student Loan Debt
Your RESP investments can grow significantly over time through compounding, tax-free returns, and regular contributions.
When it is time for your kid to go to college, the Educational Assistance Payments (EAP) from the plan can help to minimize or remove the need for hefty student loans.
Related: Best RESP Providers in Canada.
RESP Contribution Limit
There is no limit to how much you can contribute annually; however, only your first $2,500 per year qualifies for the 20% matching grant. The maximum lifetime contribution you can make to an RESP is $50,000 per beneficiary.
The $50,000 lifetime contribution limit does not include the government grants paid into the account.
The maximum CESG available annually is $500, and unused amounts can be carried forward to future years…until age 18.
Can you over-contribute to an RESP? Yes, however, it will cost you.
When you exceed the lifetime limit of $50,000 per RESP beneficiary, the excess contribution attracts a 1% per month penalty until the excess amount is withdrawn.
How To Open and Invest Your RESP Account
Many financial institutions in Canada offer RESPs.
Generally, to open an account, you will need to have your and your child’s Social Insurance Number and your child’s birth certificate. Call ahead to find out the documents your RESP provider requires.
When opening an RESP, choose a provider that meets your needs.
Check out the choice of investments available to you and the fees. Make sure you understand how the plan works and any associated restrictions and fees.
An RESP account is very flexible, and you can invest in various investment assets, including Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), mutual funds, stocks, bonds, GICs, and more.
Self-directed RESP accounts (i.e. DIY option) offer opportunities for cost savings if you know what you are doing.
For most people, a more cost-effective and hassle-free alternative would be to utilize the services of an online wealth manager, aka Robo-advisor.
Some of the benefits offered by robo-advisors include:
- Customized portfolios that suit your investment objectives and risk tolerance.
- Professional financial and investment advice.
- Low management fees compared to mutual funds.
- Automatic portfolio rebalancing and dividend re-investing when required.
- Low or no minimum deposit requirement.
Best Robo-Advisor RESP Accounts in Canada
We have put in the work and research, and here are our top robo-advisors to consider for your child’s RESP in 2023:
1. Questrade RESP
Questrade has a managed portfolio service known as Questwealth Portfolios that offers RESP accounts. It has the lowest fee schedule for Canadian robo-advisors.
In addition to saving you on fees, Questwealth Portfolios also offers real-time rebalancing and dividend reinvesting.
The grant money you receive is automatically contributed on your behalf, including the CESG.
Fees:
- $1,000 to $100,000: 0.25%
- Over $100,000: 0.20%
ETF fees ranging from 0.17% to 0.22% are additional, and when U.S. trades occur in your account, a 100 basis points fee (or 0.01) is added to the exchange rate.
Note that the minimum investment amount on Questwealth is $1,000.
Open a Questwealth Portfolios account and get up to $10,000 managed free for 1 year.
You can learn more about how the platform works in this Questwealth Portfolios review.
2. Wealthsimple RESP
Wealthsimple is Canada’s largest robo-advisor. It offers multiple non-registered and registered investment accounts, including RESPs.
RESPs at Wealthsimple can accept the following grants (where applicable):
- Canada Education Savings Grant (CESG and A-CESG)
- British Columbia Training and Education Savings Grant (BCTESG)
- Canada Learning Bond
Investors with Wealthsimple enjoy access to a top-of-the-line mobile app, free financial advice, socially responsible investment portfolios, and more.
The management fees that apply to a Wealthsimple RESP account are the same as other investment accounts, and there are no lock-in periods or transfer fees. Also, there are no minimum account balance requirements.
If you want to open a self-directed RESP, RRSP, TFSA, or personal investment account, Wealthsimple also offers a brokerage platform through Wealthsimple Trade.
Fees:
- $0 to $100,000: 0.50%
- Over $100,000: 0.40%
You can also expect to pay an average of 0.20% in ETF fees directly to the ETF providers.
Open a Wealthsimple account and get a $25 bonus when you invest at least $500.
For more information about this platform, read our detailed Wealthsimple Review.
3. Justwealth RESP
Justwealth is a Canadian robo-advisor that offers Education Target Date Portfolios. This means that its RESP portfolios are designed with an 18-year investment plan in mind.
For example, if you are opening an RESP for your child born in 2020, the Target Date (maturity date) for their portfolio would be 2038, when they are likely to commence their post-secondary education.
Between now and 2038, your dedicated portfolio manager smartly apportions your asset mix to maximize your investment returns.
When your child enters a university or enrolls for any other post-secondary education or institution, their portfolio becomes fully invested in a Justwealth Capital Preservation Portfolio.
Fees:
Justwealth’s annual management fees are as follows:
- First $500,000: 0.50%
- Over $500,000: 0.40%
Their RESP accounts have no minimum account size, and the minimum monthly fee is $2.50.
The management fee above does not include the inbuilt ETF fees that are approximately 0.20% and are paid directly to ETF providers.
For more information about Justwealth and the financial services/products they offer, you can read our complete Justwealth review.
4. CI Direct Investing RESP
CI Direct Investing (formerly WealthBar) is another top-notch robo-advisor in Canada for RESP accounts.
In addition to RESPs, it offers RRSP, TFSA, LIF, LIRA, and non-registered investment accounts. It also offers socially responsible investing portfolios and has a mobile app.
Fees
CI Direct Investing’s annual management fee is up to 0.60%, depending on your account size. ETF fees of 0.19% to 0.25% also apply.
Read our CI Direct Investing review for more details about their offerings.
RESP Withdrawal Rules
When it’s time for your child to use their RESP, the money in the account will be made up of your own contributions over the years, government grants, and interest earned.
After your child has been enrolled in an eligible educational program, you can withdraw any amount out of your own direct contributions to pay for their schooling.
For the remaining funds consisting of government grants and investment returns, there are some rules governing how they can be disbursed.
Payments from this portion of the RESP are referred to as Educational Assistance Payments (EAP).
Some of the rules governing EAPs are:
- For full-time post-secondary studies, EAPs are limited to $5,000 for the first 13 weeks in school. After that, any amount of EAP can be requested.
- For part-time studies, EAPS are limited to $2,500 for every 13 weeks of schooling.
EAPs must be declared as income by your child and will typically result in little to no taxes. Your child will receive a T4A slip they can use for filing their tax returns. Withdrawals from your own contributions are tax-free as they were made using after-tax dollars.
If it so happens that your child decides not to pursue post-secondary education, here are five RESP strategies to consider.
Conclusion
All three investment platforms listed above are members of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund (CIPF), and your investments are insured up to $1 million should the financial institution become insolvent.
The RESP can help your child leave high school and pursue a higher education that helps their future job prospects.
Start contributing early, invest smartly, and minimize your fees to make the best use of this education savings plan.
Excellent article on why families should start RESP’s but does not cover which RESP’s should be avoided. There are several companies in the exclusive business of offering plans that have had many problems, including high upfront costs, very low returns and difficulties withdrawing the funds when needed.
The Federal Government has an excellent page about this: https://www.canada.ca/en/employment-social-development/services/student-financial-aid/education-savings/resp/choose-provider.html
@Roger: Good point. Thanks for contributing!
Im looking for the best bank RESP in Quebec , any directions i could be lead to? thanks
@Jay: Unfortunately, I am not very familiar with the RESP offerings in Quebec. Sorry about that.
Excellent article. Particularly like the ROBO-ADVISOR suggestions. Good for people to know there are simple alternatives out there beyond the banks and complex RESP group plans.
@Ejiro: Thanks for your feedback. And, yes, complex RESP group plans should be avoided wherever possible as they often cause problems later.
Nice article Enoch. Can you please tell me, as per you, who amongst all the platform available to open a RESP account, is the best , in terms of less charge, more flexibility, safe and easy to withdraw money, especially when you compare with banks and other platforms like Industrial Alliance (IA), Please advice. Thanks.
@Amit: Of the ones listed, Wealthsimple and Justwealth offer lower fees for a small-moderate account. Wealthsimple offers the most flexibility (in terms of account options). All three robo-advisors are significantly cheaper than the big bank mutual funds.
Thanks a lot Enoch for such a quick reply. Really appreciate that. God bless you.I will open RESP in Wealthsimple. Only Wondering how safe the money will be here? Is there any government body who regulate them, keep an eye and assure customer for the safety of their money.
Thanks and Regards.
@Amit: You are welcome. Yes, all three investment companies are members of the Canadian Investor Protection Fund, and your investments are insured up to $1 million should the financial institution become bankrupt.